Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Admission - Essay Example The GRE Course at Kaplan, in Los Angeles, Intensive English Program at UCLA Extension, Los Angeles, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in King Abdulaziz University College of Economics and Administration, Jeddah, KSA have provided me with reasonable perfection in the theoretical aspect. On the practical experience side, I have handled various important assignments working with Al Hamra Hotel, Jeddah, KSA. I initially worked as an Administrative Assistant (part-time) for International Modern Industries Co. Ltd and now I am holding the position of General Manager Assistant in the same organization. For my excellence in studies, I was awarded King Abdullah Scholarship and Ministry of Higher Education Scholarship. I possess adequate computer knowledge relating to Knowledge of PC and Macintosh formats: Word, Excel and PowerPoint. As for languages, Arabic is my mother tongue and I am fluent in English. My approach to the business world is simple and straightforward. That which is not practical, cannot be a good theory either! My attitude to the MBA@WT program is based on this principle. It is my earnest endeavors to obtain OPT and gain experience in modern financial services and equip myself for joining an established US organization to get the working experience for a year. As such, Maryland University, which is a renowned educational institution, is my first choice. The next part of my career plan is to move to Dubai to join a financial institution there. Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates have a treaty in financial transactions, which will assist me to attain my long-term goals to take active part in the financial revolution in Saudi Arabia, initiated by King Abdullah, with the creation of Financial District (KAFD) in 2011. With this backgrounder information related to my academic credits and practical experience, I am fairly confident that I will an ideal raw material to take up responsibility in top managerial positions and earn a

Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Psychological Disorders Essay This paper aims to discuss three psychological disorders along with its primary symptoms and usual signs of trouble linked with the disorders. It also intends to state why it is important to be aware of these symptoms. The first one is categorized as â€Å"mood disorders† (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. d. , n. p. ). The primary symptoms exhibited here include: strong/severe and insistent feelings (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. d. , n. p. ). Furthermore, one of its subcategories known as â€Å"Bipolar Disorder† show the following signs: 1) if an individual is in a positive mode, he or she is extremely energetic; 2) but if she or he is depressed, his or her self-esteem tends to fall so low to the point of contemplating on suicide; 3) he or she may also â€Å"become engaged in too much eating, drinking, sexual activities, etcetera† (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. d. , n. p. ). With this psychological disorder, it is important to be aware of the symptoms because there are other mood disorders which also exhibit some of the symptoms/signs linked with â€Å"Bipolar Disorder†. The second is known as â€Å"personality disorders† (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). One of its sub-categories is named â€Å"anti-social personality disorder† wherein the primary symptom exhibited is disobeying rules (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). The usual sign linked with this, on the other hand, is â€Å"lying† and the worse is that it is carried out just for fun (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). Last but not least is â€Å"anxiety disorders† (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). One of its subcategories is known as â€Å"phobia† which exhibits the following primary symptoms: â€Å"tight feelings of fear† (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. . , n. p. ). The usual sign linked with it is when a person is too scared even if his or her extreme fear is unreasonable (Ticao, 2001, p. 358). On a final note, with these psychological disorders, it is important to be aware of the symptoms because there are other mood, personality, and anxiety disorders which also exhibit some of the symptoms/signs linked with â€Å"Bipolar Disorder†, â€Å"anti-social personality disorder†, and phobia, respectively.

Background of Circuit City :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circuit city was founded in 1949 by Samuel Wurtzel under the original name or Ward’s. Due to Wurtzel’s business skills, President Kennedy appointed him to the U.S. Foreign Trade Mission to Switzerland and Austria. Originally opened as a television store, Circuit City has come to sell almost all electronic goods ranging from television and video products to cell phones and car stereo equipment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circuit city competes in a consumer electronic market. The main competitors of Circuit City are Best Buy, Comp USA, Wal-Mart, RadioShack, and Amazon.com. Second in sales in this industry, Circuit City operates more than 600 stores nation wide and an additional 1,000 stores in Canada under its subsidiary InterTan Inc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Circuit City normally sells a wide variety of products from different companies, in 2004 it stated carrying their own product line. This line includes LCD computer monitors through their Liquid Video brand, other consumer electronics through Verge, and easy, simple, affordable products through ESA brand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circuit city grew rapidly between the 1960’s and 1980’s. During the 1990’s the sales rate leveled off and in 1999 their revenue passed the $10 billion mark. They have been trying to revitalize the chain by eliminating certain products, such as appliances, and by lowering operating costs. Currently Circuit City is at a maturity level with declining sales and revenue. Over the past 55 years Circuit City has transformed from a small local television store to an international chain of superstores. Circuit City will continue to be a competitive company in the consumer electronics industry as long as they offer a strategic plan that leads to larger sales.

The Roman Family: Center of Roman Society :: Ancient Rome Roman History

The Roman Family: Center of Roman Society The Roman family after the advent of Christianity has been widely discussed in Roman History. Different historians have looked at the topic in different ways. There are two articles at hand, which deal with this very topic. Brent Shaw, The family in Late Antiquity: The Experience of Augustine and Douglas O'Roark, Parenthood in Late Antiquity. Both historians are looking at the family in late antiquity, after the time that Christianity was introduced to the Roman society. Through an analysis of the two essays and references to the classical period it can be seen that: The Roman family has always been an important institution in their society, it's composition, roles and the functions changed little after the advent of Christianity. The Essays Each of the historians has a solid central argument, and their essays are laid out well. Shaw seeks to show the structure and the functions of the Roman family in late antiquity. He also seeks to clear up misconceptions of the Roman family. O'Roark's argument seeks to show the closeness of the parents and children in the Roman family. The important thing to realize is that both of these essays are looking at the Roman family in the same period, late antiquity, after the advent of Christianity. Also important to note is both of these essays to not specifically talk about the impact of Christianity on the family. The essays can be used to reference against each other and against the Roman family in the Classical period. Information on the Classical period is given in G. Nathan's article: Two Traditions. With the three essays one can come to a good conclusion about the impact of Christianity on the Roman family. In interest of paper length the essays have been narrowed down to include only central topics. First looking at similarities, then differences. Children This is the first main aspect of the family that both historians look at. The first point Shaw brings up is that main purpose of childbearing. This was for the wife to produce a heir for the husband . The father organized the whole house around this, in preparation a son to take everything over when he died . O'Roark states that a major factor in having children was to love and to care for them . He however cannot deny that before this the realization is that the father must have children to pass everything on to .

Debut Albums and High Social Status Essay

Different people have different ambitions. I have many ambitions in my life. Some want to be rich. Some wish to become leaders of the country to gain honor. Some desire to be great scientists. There are others who are mainly led by a spirit of adventure. The latest craze among young boys and girls is to go to foreign countries. Their aim in life is to earn a lot of money within a short period. I am a human being. I too have my own ambition. My ambition in life is not wealth, power or high social status. I am too modest a young man to aim at any of these things. My ambitions are simple enough. My first ambition is the service of the poor and the down-trodden. My heart weeps at the sight of people in trouble. I do my best to help those who need my help. And what a joy it is to me to find that I have been of service to someone. To work for others gives me a sort of peace of mind. My second ambition in life is to become a good, hardworking and an honest engineer. Different people have different ambitions. I have many ambitions in my life. Some want to be rich. Some wish to become leaders of the country to gain honor. My ambition in life is not wealth, power or high social status. I am too modest a young man to aim at any of these things. My ambitions are simple enough. My first ambition is the service of the poor and the down-trodden. My heart weeps at the sight of people in trouble. I do my best to help those who need my help. And what a joy it is to me to find that I have been of service to someone. To work for others gives me a sort of peace of mind. My second ambition in life is to become a good, hardworking and an honest engineer.

Text Wrapping in Microsoft Word

Text Wrapping in Microsoft Word Text Wrapping in Microsoft Word From corporate logos in press releases to scientific diagrams in research papers, there are many reasons to include images in a Microsoft Word document. But how images fit with surrounding text is important when formatting a document, so you need to understand text wrapping. What Is Text Wrapping in Microsoft Word? Text wrapping refers to how images are positioned in relation to text in a document, allowing you to control how pictures and charts are presented. Your options for this in Microsoft Word are: In Line with Text This option places an image on the same line as surrounding text. The image will thus move as text is added or removed, whereas the other options here mean the image stays in one position while text shifts and ‘wraps’ around it. In-line text wrapping. Square This wraps text around an image on all sides at right angles, as if it had a rectangular box around it. This is the most common form of text wrapping. Square wrapping. Top and Bottom Text wraps above and below the image so it is on its own line. This is most useful for larger images that occupy most of the width of a page. Top and bottom wrapping. Tight This is similar to Square but without the rectangular box, so text wraps around the edges of the image itself. Useful for irregularly shaped images. Tight text wrapping. Through Similar to Tight, but text will also fill any white gaps within the image. Text wrapping through an image. Behind Places an image behind the text, allowing you to add a watermark or background image on a page (although MS Word has a separate watermark option, too, which is easier to use in many cases). An image behind text. In Front of Text Places the picture in front of the text. This can be used to place a circle around some text or to add an arrow to highlight part of a passage. An image in front of text. The best choice will depend on your needs, but Square and Tight work in most cases. As such, these should be your default options. How to Control Text Wrapping After adding an image to a document, you can adjust the text wrapping to make sure it fits with the surrounding text. To do this: Click the image you want to format Click Layout Options or go to Format Arrange on the ribbon Open the Wrap Text menu and select the setting required Text wrapping options. If you want to use the Tight or Through options effectively, you may also need to adjust the wrapping points for the image. To do this: Select the image you want to adjust Go to Format Arrange Open the Wrap Text menu and click Edit Wrap Points Drag the red lines to adjust the wrap points as required Editing wrap points. The instructions above are for Microsoft Word on Windows computers, but the process is similar in Word for Mac.

A Perennial Burden to the Conscience essays

A Perennial Burden to the Conscience essays When the Dreyfus case is ended, and nobody knows when that will be, there will be a relief to mankind all the world over- The General Advertiser of New South Wales, Australia, 19 August 1899 (Prisoners of honor-Dreyfus affair, David Levering Lewis). Never in the history of humanity, did a case of treason have such a profound impact on the entire state, from the government to the youngest child. The Affair penetrated, slowly but steadily, the conscience of the people not only in France but worldwide. Not only did it affect the government of France and its Army, but it also influenced the intellect and the religious framework, organizations and societies, as well as the ordinary citizens and the so-called little Frenchmen. Laffair split families, societies, organizations, friendships and the people in two tabors: The Dreyfussards those who were on the side of Captain Dreyfus and anti Dreyfussards those in favor of anti-Semitism. The Dreyfus Affair and its aftermath were remembered long after the case itself was officially closed. The Dreyfus Affair actually started in the second half of September 1894, when a letter containing some secret information about the French Army was brought at the Statistical Section of the French War Office. The letter called bordereau was stolen from the waste paper basket of the German Military Attach von Schwartzkopfen. It contained a list of notes on the new artillery weapons and a Firing Manual. The officers of the General Staff were convinced that a probationer officer could have written it, since only they could have such a variety of information. Among these officers, Alfred Dreyfus was the only Jew and had a bad report. After a brief interview by Major the Marquis du Paty de Clam, he was accused of high treason and arrested a few minutes past nine oclock in the morning of October 15th, 1894. He was secretly kept in prison and inte...

Funny Collection of Napoleon Dynamite Quotes

Funny Collection of Napoleon Dynamite Quotes There is almost an entire generation that will testify that Napoleon Dynamite is one of the best  comedy movies ever. Are you one of those people? It is an incredibly quotable movie was an instant cult-classic. Kip Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite: Hey can I use your guyss phone for a sec?Secretary No. 1: Is there anything wrong?Napoleon Dynamite: I dont feel very good.(takes telephone and dials)Kip: (making nachos on the other line) Hi.Napoleon Dynamite: Is grandma there?Kip: No, shes getting her hair done.Napoleon Dynamite: Ugh!!Kip: What do you need?Napoleon Dynamite: Can you just go get her for me?Kip: Im really busy right now.Napoleon Dynamite:  Just tell her to come get me.Kip: Why?Napoleon Dynamite: Cause I dont feel good!Kip: Well, have you talked to the school nurse?Napoleon Dynamite: No, she doesnt know anything. Will you just come get me?Kip: No.Napoleon Dynamite: Well, will you do me a favor then? Can you bring me my chapstick?Kip: No, Napoleon.Napoleon Dynamite: But my lips hurt real bad!Kip: Just borrow some from the school nurse. I know she has like five sticks in her drawer.Napoleon Dynamite: Im not gonna use hers, you sicko!Kip See ya.Napoleon Dynamite: Ugh! Idiot! Don Napoleon Dynamite Don: Hey, Napoleon. What did you do last summer again?Napoleon Dynamite: I told you! I spent it with my uncle in Alaska hunting wolverines! Grandma Napoleon Dynamite Grandma: How was school?Napoleon Dynamite: The worst day of my life, what do you think? Deb Napoleon Dynamite Deb: What are you drawing?Napoleon Dynamite: A liger.Deb: Whats a liger?Napoleon Dynamite: Its pretty much my favorite animal. Its like a lion and a tiger mixed... bred for its skills in magic. Rex Rex: At Rex Kwan Do, we use the buddy system. No more flying solo. You need somebody watching your back at all times. Second off, youre gonna learn to discipline your image. You think I got where I am today because I dressed like Peter Pan over here?(pointing to Napoleon) Pedro Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite: What kind of bike do you have?Pedro: Its a sledgehammer.Napoleon Dynamite: Dang! You got shocks, pegs... lucky! You ever take it off any sweet jumps? Pedro Napoleon Dynamite Pedro: If I win, you can be my secretary or something.Napoleon Dynamite: Sweet! Deb Kip Deb: Im trying to earn money for college.Kip: (from the background) Your mom goes to college. Uncle Rico Uncle Rico: How much you wanna make a bet I can throw a football over them mountains? Yeah. Coach woulda put me in fourth quarter, we wouldve been state champions. No doubt. No doubt in my mind.

PESTLE analysis for John Lewis and Marks and Spencer Essay

PESTLE analysis for John Lewis and Marks and Spencer - Essay Example higher level of political scrutiny over food retail outlets because it is the second largest employer in the UK; with public health assuming a more important focus, there has been a tighter regulation of food stores for this Company. Transition from the traditional supply chain management system to a system of vendor managed inventory, which in conjunction with a tailor made forecasting package, has produced gains for Marks and Spencer and made it one of the most profitable and efficient retailers. (Storey et al, 2003). The Company rarely needs to sell its products at discounts because the supply side is well managed. The percentage of revenues accruing from international sales has increased to 7.1% of group turnover.(2007 Annual report), however maintaining this is a challenge in the face of increased competition in the European Common Market, the development of the common currency – the Euro and changes in VAT Marks and Spencer started off primarily as a clothes retailer; however it has now expanded into food and home products to compete effectively in the global market. British retail competitors of Marks and Spencer are also large corporate chains, which may have their headquarters outside the country, hence outsourcing activities and knowledge management becomes a key element affecting operating as well as long term profitability. Marks and Spencer staff have mostly been recruited young and continued within the organization for many years; as a result, there are some set procedures and routines in operating which have become integral to the staff and has produced resistance among employees to changes within the organization.(Mellahi et al, 2002) Existing markets for Marks and Spencer have expanded beyond UK and has produced a change from the traditional focus of London as the major retail center to a more diffused network of customers and stores across the globe. Companies are required to improve corporate governance in accordance with the Turnbull

Risk Allocation In FIDIC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Allocation In FIDIC - Assignment Example Headquarter of FIDIC is situated in Switzerland, more than sixty countries are the part of FIDIC and it also represents many of the private consulting engineers all over the world. A variety of standard forms are made and published by FIDIC and are regularly updated following of extensive consultation with its international contractors, members, the Bar Institution and with the main international banks as well as the World Bank.3 Discussion At the beginning the standard forms of the FIDIC were aimed for international usage i.e. for those projects in which the client country was looking for contractor’s participation from other countries. Even so in current period the forms of the FIDIC have been used more and more for local contracts in which both contractors and clients are of the same country.4 In 1999, after the development in the industry and following the acknowledgment of irregularity in the previous contract’s standard, the FIDIC developed a new form’s sui t in order to change the active forms. ... The design of these new is to be user friendly with the standard approach and a decrease in the general conditions from over sixty to twenty clauses. In addition to this the Extra forms functioning since 1999 consist of: The Blue Book: these are the contracts for Dragging and Renewal of Works; The Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) /FIDIC Contract: these are the condition of FIDIC that are integrated in the standard papers of request of MDBs;7 The White Book: this include the form contract of service of Consultant and Client; The Gold Book: this includes the operation, building and designing of the FIDIC tasks.8 To aid in carrying out its establishing aims, the move towards of the FIDIC in order to outline contracts has constantly been supported by its principle. The contracts of FIDIC necessarily furnish a reasonable part of risks among the parties to a contract, additionally that risks must be accepted by the best able party in order to assure them. The uniformity across many fo rms is one of the advantages of utilizing the FIDIC set of contracts. Whilst all contract form is aimed for a dissimilar type of procurement or project strategy, a centre of general clauses is utilized over the entire forms and where probable, the identical definitions and words are utilised. 9This implies that know-how of one type can be utilised on other types in the FIDIC set of contracts. Within the suite of FIDIC the different types of contracts are prepared across the degree of plan responsibility presumed by the contractor and employer. Every contract is termed as a book and a specific colour is assigned to each contract. Understanding the Contract and General Provisions The structure of the

Analysing and evaluating arguments Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysing and evaluating arguments - Coursework Example rt of faith for the so called health gurus who would merely want to draw some attention to them, while trying to come up with medical solutions to the public. The argument however is a basis for an awakening of sleeping minds since it leads to the development of the idea through scientific research which ends up refuting the idea that all diseases can be cured just by observing diet in terms of the fat content and fibre.1 If this argument is left to remain just the way it is, then it would imply that all diseases that are discovered would be cured through eating diets with less fat and more fibre. However, to the greatest extent, this is not true and many experiments can be performed to prove that this argument is inductive and a lot more can be done in science which can correct the argument. A more correct version of the argument would have suggested that most of the diseases can be cured or at least controlled through reduction in consumption of fatty foods and increased consumption of diets rich in

An analysis of the positive and negative economic impacts of Heathrow Essay

An analysis of the positive and negative economic impacts of Heathrow Airport - Essay Example This paper is a report that mainly sought to identify the economic impact of the London Heathrow Airport, which was classified in this study as a tourism venue/ organization Airport is considered as a location where aircrafts of varying sizes and types take off and land thereby acting as a stage for alighting and boarding aircrafts for passengers as well as the aircraft crew. Airport is a tourism venue/organization because it is the first and/ or last place that visitors pass through at a foreign destination. The London Heathrow Airport is touted as the busiest airport in Europe with a very big passenger capacity. This fact has positioned London as an international financial center with an economy that runs on a 24 hours basis and businesses are supported by demand from the many passengers who are departing or entering the region via the Airport. However, the increase in demand arising from passengers has led to the creation of an artificial inflation within London The main direct economic impact of the airport is that it acts as a major source of tax revenue to London local authorities and overall UK budget. The indirect positive impact of the airport is that it provides a ready market for other businesses enterprises that are located within the airport or in adjacent areas. The direct negative positive impact of the airport is that it facilitates that development of artificial inflation while the indirect negative impact is that it reduces the suitability of London as international center for doing business. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 The positive economic impacts of the London Heathrow Airport 4 2.1 Direct positive economic impacts 4 2.2 Indirect positive economic impacts 6 3.0 The negative economic impacts of the London Heathrow Airport 7 3.1 Direct negative economic impacts 8 3.2 Indirect negative economic impacts 9 4.0 Conclusions 10 References 11 Inkson, C. and Minnaert, L. 2012. Tourism Management: An Introduction. London, UK: Sage Publications 12 1.0 Introduction This present paper is a report that is entirely focused on analyzing a hospitality venue or organization and the economic impact of the venue/ organization. For this particular, report, the London’s Heathrow Airport was selected as the case study and therefore, this report seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the economic impact of the airport, both the positive and the negative. It is important to note that the discussion of the economic impact would not be limited to the tourism perspective but rather the discussion will cover the general economy of the United Kingdom as well as the local economy of the City of London. Therefore, the report will have two major sections of which the first will detail on the positive economic impact of the London Heathrow Airport while the Second part will cover the negative impacts. However, briefly before the start, the report will provide brief background information of the chosen tourism venue/ organization. To begin with, Graham (2008) in his studies described an airport as a location where aircrafts of varying sizes and types take off and land thereby acting as a stage for alighting and boarding aircrafts for passengers as well as the aircraft crew. Tribe (2012) wrote that an airport is considered as a tourism venue/ organization because it is the first and/ or last place that visitors pass through at a foreign destination. The London Heathrow Airport is located in the London Borough of Hillingdon, which is in the western side of Londo n. Inkson and Minnaert (2012) in their writings referred to the London Heathrow Airport as the busiest airport in the United Kingdom as well as the entire Europe and the third busiest in the world in terms of the passenger traffic in the airport. Hoare (1971) added that the airport is owned and managed by the Heathrow Airport Holdings that also owns three other airports in the United Kingdom. The airport acts as the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating location for the Virgin Atlantic. In order to handle all the passenger traffics and the movements, the Airport has 5 terminals each serving aircrafts bound to or arriving from different routes. Among the top busiest international routes to and from the airport is led by New York, followed by Dubai, Dublin, Frankfurt, and Amsterdam. The busiest domestic routes include the

You should use clear, plain language and specific examples from Essay

You should use clear, plain language and specific examples from readings to describe what anthropologists do and how they do it - Essay Example It is important to understand that anthropology in itself is very wide, involving four main fields that include cultural and anthropology, physical, linguistic anthropology as well as archeology. Each of these four fields teaches distinct skills like development of various extensive sets of data. In their studying, anthropologists often specialize in one area so as to understand the concepts in question (Baca, 45). Additionally, anthropologists often focus on certain populations in specific regions. Others often specialize in studying various cultural practices such as how communities create and manage their social, political and economic systems. This paper examines some of the works that anthropologists do and the way they do it in achieving the goals and objectives of their specific fields. After specializing in the different anthropology fields, anthropologists perform different and distinct functions. For instance, physical anthropologists are often concerned with observing various biological behaviors, which become essential in understanding the ongoing process of human evolution and the different adaptations to certain environments like maternal physiological responses to pregnancy. Additionally, it helps them to effectively examine and understand the effects that altitude has on the fetal and maternal well being, thus performing various comparative studies for the physical responses to the residents in different places. Sociocultural anthropologists often examine the social practices and patterns across various cultures, having special interest in the way people live in certain places and how they manage organizing, governing and creating certain meanings (Gellner 43). One of the hallmarks for sociocultural anthropology can be identified through its emphasis on the participant observations that involve placing individuals in the context of research for extended periods. Some of the topics of

An analysis of the positive and negative economic impacts of Heathrow Essay

An analysis of the positive and negative economic impacts of Heathrow Airport - Essay Example This paper is a report that mainly sought to identify the economic impact of the London Heathrow Airport, which was classified in this study as a tourism venue/ organization Airport is considered as a location where aircrafts of varying sizes and types take off and land thereby acting as a stage for alighting and boarding aircrafts for passengers as well as the aircraft crew. Airport is a tourism venue/organization because it is the first and/ or last place that visitors pass through at a foreign destination. The London Heathrow Airport is touted as the busiest airport in Europe with a very big passenger capacity. This fact has positioned London as an international financial center with an economy that runs on a 24 hours basis and businesses are supported by demand from the many passengers who are departing or entering the region via the Airport. However, the increase in demand arising from passengers has led to the creation of an artificial inflation within London The main direct economic impact of the airport is that it acts as a major source of tax revenue to London local authorities and overall UK budget. The indirect positive impact of the airport is that it provides a ready market for other businesses enterprises that are located within the airport or in adjacent areas. The direct negative positive impact of the airport is that it facilitates that development of artificial inflation while the indirect negative impact is that it reduces the suitability of London as international center for doing business. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 The positive economic impacts of the London Heathrow Airport 4 2.1 Direct positive economic impacts 4 2.2 Indirect positive economic impacts 6 3.0 The negative economic impacts of the London Heathrow Airport 7 3.1 Direct negative economic impacts 8 3.2 Indirect negative economic impacts 9 4.0 Conclusions 10 References 11 Inkson, C. and Minnaert, L. 2012. Tourism Management: An Introduction. London, UK: Sage Publications 12 1.0 Introduction This present paper is a report that is entirely focused on analyzing a hospitality venue or organization and the economic impact of the venue/ organization. For this particular, report, the London’s Heathrow Airport was selected as the case study and therefore, this report seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the economic impact of the airport, both the positive and the negative. It is important to note that the discussion of the economic impact would not be limited to the tourism perspective but rather the discussion will cover the general economy of the United Kingdom as well as the local economy of the City of London. Therefore, the report will have two major sections of which the first will detail on the positive economic impact of the London Heathrow Airport while the Second part will cover the negative impacts. However, briefly before the start, the report will provide brief background information of the chosen tourism venue/ organization. To begin with, Graham (2008) in his studies described an airport as a location where aircrafts of varying sizes and types take off and land thereby acting as a stage for alighting and boarding aircrafts for passengers as well as the aircraft crew. Tribe (2012) wrote that an airport is considered as a tourism venue/ organization because it is the first and/ or last place that visitors pass through at a foreign destination. The London Heathrow Airport is located in the London Borough of Hillingdon, which is in the western side of Londo n. Inkson and Minnaert (2012) in their writings referred to the London Heathrow Airport as the busiest airport in the United Kingdom as well as the entire Europe and the third busiest in the world in terms of the passenger traffic in the airport. Hoare (1971) added that the airport is owned and managed by the Heathrow Airport Holdings that also owns three other airports in the United Kingdom. The airport acts as the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating location for the Virgin Atlantic. In order to handle all the passenger traffics and the movements, the Airport has 5 terminals each serving aircrafts bound to or arriving from different routes. Among the top busiest international routes to and from the airport is led by New York, followed by Dubai, Dublin, Frankfurt, and Amsterdam. The busiest domestic routes include the

Xi Chuan Earthquake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Xi Chuan Earthquake - Essay Example However, there are instances wherein big, catastrophic earthquakes hit the region. An example of which happened on May 12, 2008, 06:28:04 (UTC) wherein according to official reports, seventy thousand people were killed, three hundred seventy four thousand people were injured, and about seventeen thousand more were reported missing. (Chen, Qiao, and Liu 809) Compared to other natural calamities, earthquakes are close to impossible to predict. The fault lines may have been identified and mapped out but no one can really tell when a big earthquake will happen. These events can only be studied after they have already happened and the damages to property and the loss of lives have been done. If a catastrophe is defined as an event causing great and often sudden damage and suffering (Miriam Webster dictionary of the English Language) that definition is especially true for the earthquakes that plague the Xi Chuan region in the heart of mainland China. Houses were turned to mere rubble while the very foundations of old castles crack and give way to the power of nature. Unfortunately, in these display of nature’s power, human lives are also lost. Preventing mortality and too much loss in infrastructure led the Chinese to develop ways to hopefully predict when big, catastrophic earthquakes would strike and where. Although they failed in making an early warning system for earthquakes at that time, the ancient Chinese built the 1st rudimentary seismograph to be able to detect where in the realm an earthquake occurred so as to direct help there immediately (Weiland). The quest for an effective means to predict where and when strong earthquakes will occur is still the goal in China and the rest of the world nowadays, but fortunately there are many instruments, equations and programs available as well as volumes of seismic data that can give clues to the time and place these big earthquakes would hit. It is not merely the geologists’ and geophysicists’ jo b to make sure of the safety of the people and the reduction of the destruction on infrastructure. Scientists, policy makers, as well as the private sector need to work hand-in-hand to prevent further devastation caused by these types of calamities. Dynamic planning and effective implementation of different measures assure the safety of people living in these earthquake-prone zones. This study focuses on recent techniques and breakthroughs that have been and will be used in predicting the occurrence of strong earthquakes in the Xi Chuan basin region and then we will evaluate each strategy’s impact on the disaster planning and response of the area. Improvements in the early warning system technology is the key to reducing mortality and destruction of infrastructure caused by large earthquakes and the efficient dissemination of information will be the determinant to each stratagem’s effectiveness. This paper will also touch on the improvements on the policies that favor earthquake readiness and the level of implementation of these laws since the eight magnitude earthquake in 2008. Literature Review A brief history of the study of seismic activity in the Xi Chuan basic region was detailed in the study of Han and Jiang (231). The Xi Chuan – Yunnan and Xi Chuan – Quinghai area has been plagued with earthquakes historically due to its location within active faults. Records of big and damaging earthquakes were passed down from dynasty to dynasty until this present age. Although China had been a nation for

Industrial production Essay Example for Free

Industrial production Essay In his empirical study Imai (1996) examined other significant internal factors promoting democratic changes. He demonstrated that industrial production and GDP per capita have gradual lasting influence on their implementation (p. 8). It seems logical as economists argue that with growing size of the developing nation’s market and expansion of its economy, democratization of the country is facilitated. Consequently, as the purchasing capacity of the most population measured by GDP per capita raises, the economic and political liberalization within the developing country is promoted, thus contributing further to the democratization (Armijo, 2005, p. 2019). Imai (1996) also emphasizes that the larger is the size of the developing nations home market, and the more amounts of foreign direct investment the nation draws, the deeper democratic changes it will have to implement together with liberalization of its economy (p. 11). At the same time, increased purchasing capacity of domestic consumers fosters expansion of private entrepreneurship which, for its part, promotes political liberalization, in the long run decreasing the state’s capability to strongly control civil liberties of its citizens (Arblaster, 1999, p. 40). So, as we discussed above, citizens of more economically advanced developing countries enjoy more civil liberties, and what is important to note here, such countries usually demonstrate the trend of growing urban population. At the same time, Imai (1996) proves that number of urban population is one of indicators of the internationalization of national economy, which contributes to democracy facilitation too, and more urbanized developing countries demonstrate more efforts toward democratization (p. 10). These trends evidently show that creation of wealthy stable society in developing countries is one of vital preconditions of democratization. The proper concept of democratization is closely connected with the notion of civil society as democracy constitutes a form of its existence. Formation of constitutional state and real democracy is impossible without civil society’s coming-to-be (Penna, 1998, p. 116). Important aspect of civil society formation is attaining unity among the people. For example, experience of political history of many African states, as well as Yugoslavia of the first half of 1990s, demonstrates that deep disunity of the society on the ground of ethnical features and prevailing separatist trends among the majority of population even in the presence of democratic aspirations in the society may not only become the hindrance to democratization process, but lead to opposite results (Penna, 1998, p.118). A few decades ago scholars entered a new notion into circulation – that of ‘consolidation of democracy’ – which implies irreversibility of established political structures where certainty of the procedures leads to limitation of ‘uncertainty of outcomes’, that is undemocratic outcomes are practically impossible (Randall Svasand, 2001, p. 78). This notion supposes that further democratization of the world is being considered as inevitable, and it is just an issue of time. But the way to this achievement appear to be not easy one. As our study demonstrate, outcome depends on the results of economic reforms which associate with democratization of political regime in minds of major part of population, although direct interrelation of economic and political transformations is not mandatory. That is why incapability of young democracies to satisfy economic interests of poor strata of population often makes a threat for entire democratization process (Petras Veltmeyer, 2001, p. 52).

Zerto Technology Company Analysis

Zerto Technology Company Analysis Bishal Shrestha Project management Risk and Reliability Zerto is the company which provides disaster recovery software for virtualized infrastructure and the cloud. In 2011 at VMworld Awards The main product of Zerto Zerto Virtual Replication won Best in Show. Zerto company was founded in 2009, which was held privately funded by the Battery Ventures, U.S. Venture Partners and Greylock. Oded Kedem and Ziv who was a former founder of Kashya co-founded the Zerto company. Zerto Company launched their first software called Zerto Virtual Replication 4.0 that allows the recovery, protection and migration of data among MicrosoftHyper-V and VMware Sphere, also across many prive or hybrid cloud situation counting the AWS( Amazon Web Services). The two core objectives of the venture between an angel investor (Venture capitalistic) and Zerto are Profit earning Zerto aims to earn profit by selling their main product Zerto Virtual Replication as much as possible with angel investor. Market share One of the objectives of Zerto is to expand its market share by increasing number of customers. SWOT analysis of the objectives Strength The product of Zerto helps to create virtual infrastructure and cloud for recovering data during disaster. This type of product is highly demanded so can contribute in earning profit. Since Zerto is well knowm and award winning company, its Venture with angel investor can increase the number of clients resulting the increase of market share. Weakness Zerto being in the market for long time, the products lacks innovations in comparison to new companies. This can be hindrance in sale of the product. Zerto has been working with many other investors, new venture with new investor may arise conflicts and difficulties in the organization. This may result in loosing of clients as well as discourage new clients. Opportunities The increase in natural disasters due to environmental changes, troubles from hackers create opportunities to sell the product. The venture with angel investors provides opportunities for Zerto to attract new clients and explore new markets, thus helps to increase market share. Threats Emerging of new similar companies with new products and venture creates difficulty for Zerto to sell their product. Pursuing for new clients and new market with new investors may cause loss of old clients and market. Thus, this may result is decrease of market share. Mind map of the product The product developed to achieve the identified objective is Zerto Virtual Replication (ZVR). Positive Stakeholders       Stakeholders those who help in increasing market share of Zerto are listed below: Comvita EUKOR Car Carriers Inc. Family Investments Fayat Constructions Foresight Financial Group Employees Owner Users Team members Advertising company Negative Stakeholders Likewise the competitors who possess threat to Zerto Are as follows: IBM Sanovi Dell EMC Continuity Software Net App Governmental policies Customers Other companies Staffs Market Mind map of the Zerto to reach its respective objectives. The initial investment for ZVR is $860,000. The company invested $130m to start the product with 360 people and now is generating $35m revenue every year. Zerto Virtual Replication is powerful tool for ensuring organization security even in event if disaster. It is unique and offers more flexibility than others. It supports variety of cloud options i.e. not only their cloud options but also of third party or other organizations. As power, security and flexibility does not come I cheaper price, the cost of Zerto Virtual Replication is well justified by its quality and performance. Amount invested Tasks Investment Lease 120,000 Team members 220,000 Advertisement 50,000 Developers 250,000 High speed internet 40,000 Electricity 60,000 Interior 120,000 Every coin has two sides, similarly Zerto Virtual Replication has pros and cons as well. Some of the risks related to this product are Tangible Risks Zerto Virtual Replication is expensive product. It is very challenging to construct supporting infrastructure require to operate ZVR. ZVR operates only with support of cloud. ZVR requires cloud support from different distant places more location (i.e. two or more in different geographical regions) Due to flexible cloud option third party may get benefit. Intangible Risks Zerto Virtual Replication could not replicate or seeding is not done if intenet speed is slow. Zerto Virtual Replication lacks ability to protect non-virtualized network resources. Zerto Virtual Replication is difficult to understand and manage as it uses cloud technology. Zerto Virtual Replication allows for storage agnostic replication hence is a complicated technology. Others tough offers in markets The risk can be measured reliably. Though Zerto Virtual Replication is expensive but it is very powerful tool and performs according to its cost. Zerto Virtual Replication is hypervisor based replication technology that moves asynchronous replication from the physical storage and disk arrays to the virtualization abstraction layer. This allows for storage-agnostic replication i.e. a virtual machine can be replicated to another VM operating on a different storage technology. Since, Zerto Virtual Replication requires cloud support it has most flexible cloud options so, can support cloud of any organizations. Though, it requires high internet but afterward works in its place with usual internet speed. Even it is complicated technology and mechanism but has easy to use interface and is user friendly. Therefore, Zerto Virtual Replication is powerful though expensive can handle business continuity extremely well. Thus these reduce the risks. References En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Zerto. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerto [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Zerto. (2017). Zerto: About Us. [online] Available at: http://www.zerto.com/about/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017].

Fake IDs :: essays research papers

Fake ID Just like many college students, Dana and her friends decided to go to a bar one Saturday night. The problem: Not everyone in their group was old enough to enter. The solution: Use fake ID obtained through a friend. So Dana and her friends used fake IDs to enter the bar without a problem, or so they thought. Later that night, police raided the bar. Dana's ID was confiscated and she was later arrested. It seems like everyone wants to be a different age. Many teenagers want to be either 18 or 21 so they can buy cigarettes or alcohol. And I’m sure everyone has heard their parents say they wish they were 18 again. For the most part people can’t change how old they are, but by using fake identification, someone could pretend to be an age older than what they are. More and more people are using fake ID’s. There have been many new advances in technology in recent years. Because of these advances, such as computers and internet, fake ID’s are becoming easier to get, and their quality is improving. Not too long after states find ways of making ID’s harder to duplicate, the counterfeiters are finding a way to make them. Fake ID’s no longer consist of scratching an 8 into a 3. These advances make it hard to tell apart fake ID’s from the real thing. Some websites sell fake ID’s from $50-5,000. Selling fake ID’s over the internet has increased greatly over the past few years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The internet makes fake ID’s readily available, but according to the article â€Å"Forged in Plastic† in Missoula, most underage clients buy phony driver’s licenses from local manufacturers who use computers, scanners, laser printers, laminators, and special programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the San Diego Union Tribune An estimated 10 million fake ID’s are confiscated each year. During spring break last year in Florida, 10,000 fake ID’s were confiscated by using a handheld ID verification device made by Logix Company of Colorado.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are different types of people who use fake ID’s for different reasons. Many people who use fake ID’s are just teenagers who want to buy alcohol. 18, 19, and 20 year olds generally use fake ID’s to drink in bars, while high school students with fakes just go to grocery stores to find beer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are different consequences of owning or selling fake ID’s. Under-aged drinkers that go to bars and are caught with fake ID’s are usually ticketed for minor consumption and for carrying false or altered identification.

Triumph Over Nature in The Good Earth :: The Good Earth

Triumph Over Nature in The Good Earth  Ã‚      The Good Earth, by Pearl S. Buck, is a tale of a farmer who rises from a commoner to a wealthy land owner. The setting is pre-Revolutionary China, sometime in the 20th century. The story is one of a farmer who becomes a wealthy man through hard work while facing droughts and floods. He becomes very rich, but forgets his true love, the earth, which got him to where he was. The mood of the story is serious. Droughts and floods affect the outcome of crops, which in turn, affect the people who need them to survive. As the story progresses, the mood changes to become more light hearted and careless. It is typical of today's society of how the main character becomes rich and then forgets what it was like to be on the other side. He spends money carelessly and neglects to remember how his life was just a few months before. The main element of the story is definitely character. We look through the eyes of the main character and see how he, as a person, grows and matures. There are many characters in the story. The first is Wang Lung, a farmer and the main character of the story. The author tells the story through his view of life. We see Wang Lung at the beginning of the story as a young man, full of energy and love for his land. He has been raised on the land he now farms and takes great pride in maintaining it. Later in the story, he becomes a rich man, and forgets his land, "One's flesh and blood." As he finds out that money is not everything and cannot by happiness, he realizes his fault and returns to the earth. O-lan is Wang Lung's wife in the story. She was a slave girl raised in the great House of Hwang. Wang Lung buys her from the house, but he sees that "there is no beauty of any kind in her face." But Wang Lung cannot afford a beautiful wife, for he is only a farmer. O-lan is a strong, but qu ite character. She bears hardships as they come and gives Wang Lung four children. Wang Lung seems to care for her, but she in return shows very little emotion. She is a hard character to reach and only before she dies, do we see the real side of O-lan. Triumph Over Nature in The Good Earth :: The Good Earth Triumph Over Nature in The Good Earth  Ã‚      The Good Earth, by Pearl S. Buck, is a tale of a farmer who rises from a commoner to a wealthy land owner. The setting is pre-Revolutionary China, sometime in the 20th century. The story is one of a farmer who becomes a wealthy man through hard work while facing droughts and floods. He becomes very rich, but forgets his true love, the earth, which got him to where he was. The mood of the story is serious. Droughts and floods affect the outcome of crops, which in turn, affect the people who need them to survive. As the story progresses, the mood changes to become more light hearted and careless. It is typical of today's society of how the main character becomes rich and then forgets what it was like to be on the other side. He spends money carelessly and neglects to remember how his life was just a few months before. The main element of the story is definitely character. We look through the eyes of the main character and see how he, as a person, grows and matures. There are many characters in the story. The first is Wang Lung, a farmer and the main character of the story. The author tells the story through his view of life. We see Wang Lung at the beginning of the story as a young man, full of energy and love for his land. He has been raised on the land he now farms and takes great pride in maintaining it. Later in the story, he becomes a rich man, and forgets his land, "One's flesh and blood." As he finds out that money is not everything and cannot by happiness, he realizes his fault and returns to the earth. O-lan is Wang Lung's wife in the story. She was a slave girl raised in the great House of Hwang. Wang Lung buys her from the house, but he sees that "there is no beauty of any kind in her face." But Wang Lung cannot afford a beautiful wife, for he is only a farmer. O-lan is a strong, but qu ite character. She bears hardships as they come and gives Wang Lung four children. Wang Lung seems to care for her, but she in return shows very little emotion. She is a hard character to reach and only before she dies, do we see the real side of O-lan.

Management Communications with Technology Tools

Managing organizational change and improvement is one of the most complex tasks of leadership. Leaders need to understand the change process in order to lead and manage change and improvement efforts effectively. Leaders must learn to overcome barriers and cope with the chaos that naturally exists during the complex process of change. Managers and other organizational leaders should assist workers and other stakeholders build effective teams by developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and attainable objectives. When such inspired and informed leadership is applied, organizations can improve performance. As noted by Harrison (1993) use of the process-oriented approach to managerial decision making with its strong managerial emphasis and its objectives-oriented outcomes is the model recommended for decisions with discernible levels of uncertainty attendant on the outcome. Such decisions include those made at middle and upper levels of management both in the private and the public sectors where the consequences are of high levels of significance to the total organization. Included in this category are all decisions of a strategic nature and those involving appreciable commitments of resources directed towards the long-term enhancement of the corporation or institution. â€Å"The process model is ideal for these kinds of decision because it is forward looking in that it has a planning emphasis not apparent in the other models of decision making. The process model is oriented towards innovation and organizational change with a particular emphasis on long-term results. It relies principally on the judgment of the decision maker, but not to the exclusion of computation or compromise to fit special decision-making situations† (Harrison, 1993). According to Alexa Michael (2009) â€Å"a company needs accurate, reliable and timely information on performance, which must flow up through an organization regularly. It should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term†. One solution for managing organizational change and improvement according to David Blanchard (2009) â€Å"is developing a set of highly descriptive key performance indicators (KPIs) that include precise times, quantities and other numerical measurements so that everyone is on the same page about what it will take to achieve acceptable on-time, accurate and cost-effective performance levels†. Using a range of KPIs that include financial and non-financial measures to gauge how successful the business is in achieving its goals will improve its performance. The KPIs should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term. A company also needs to address the issue of cash-flow management. Managing cash-flow variability tops the agenda for most companies. â€Å"Identifying and fixing friction points that hinder operating capital as it flows across the balance sheet from inventory and payables to accounts receivable† (Driscoll, 2009) is an organizational change critical to a company’s long-term viability. Another organizational change for improvement is the idea of Lean Performance Improvement. Successful lean performance improvement initiatives have front-line workers generating, processing and implementing ideas. Using the high-performance idea system front-line employees drive the lean improvement process with regular and ongoing engagement with daily problems and opportunities. With successful organizational change a company can use this process-focused approach to build their own lean culture. Harrison (1993) tells us that â€Å"the components of the decision-making process for the process model are the functions of decision making which include setting managerial objectives, searching for alternatives, comparing and evaluating alternatives, the act of choice, implementing the decision, and following up and controlling the decision. The process model with its managerial emphasis drawing selectively on the disciplines of economics, mathematics, statistics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science, anthropology and law. The process model’s objective-oriented outcome approach best allows for successful adaptation of organizational change leading to long-term success†. The implementation strategy for the organizational change that includes the introduction of key performance indicators (KPIs), lean performance initiatives and cash-flow management will be both top-down and bottom-up. Clear communication that brings employees of all levels on board with the changes being made and how it affects them and the future of their company and job must be made. Ensuring that all stakeholders understand that they have a say in the success of their company and therefore increased success for themselves is paramount. The KPIs will be both financial and non-financial. KPIs will be used to monitor factors that are known to create value within the business. KPIs will help ensure that the following things are in place, â€Å"products and services that are attractive to consumers both now and in the future, clear objectives that are communicated properly to the workforce, desires for continuous improvement, useful management information and effective financial control, efficient services and distribution, good, well-informed managers, and regulatory compliance with minimum disruption to organizational routines† (Michael, 2009). Developing and using a checklist to monitor and asses these key performance indicators will be done. The checklist will be a series of questions that properly answered will help determine whether or not the company is getting value from their business and will eliminate a problem identified by Roger Chevalier (2009) in his article about analyzing performance where part of the problem with the performance was that â€Å"expectations for performance are unclear†. Answering the questions yes or no for both now and in the future will help look at the factors that can improve or destroy the value of the business. Questions such as, â€Å"spreading your buying/selling contracts too widely over time, hostage to one or two buying/selling contracts or customers/suppliers, sure your purchase/sales order books are firm and go forward far enough, buying/selling on a growing/declining trend in real terms, buying/selling any products at a loss, using cross-selling and up-selling techniques to improve sales, monitoring whether your purchases arrive on time and are of the right quality to meet your manufacturing schedules, satisfied that your suppliers’ terms, and your own terms to customers, are competitive, aware of the financial implications of your pricing policy, loyal to good customers/suppliers, scheduling orders to obtain better terms, developing your competitive position, fostering your company’s reputation and brand values, developing your business processes to create more value, enhancing staff skills to improve your competitive advantage† (Michael, 2009). Another strategy to implement that overlaps with the key performance indicators will be the lean performance improvement initiatives. â€Å"A successful lean implementation will result in various operational and financial improvements. Operational improvements include higher quality and productivity as well as lower nonproductive capacity and lead times. Some financial improvements realized from a successful lean implementation include increased cash flows, lower inventory levels, and lower costs† (Searcy, 2009). Successful lean performance improvement initiatives generate significant front-line involvement in identifying and implementing opportunities for improvement. As noted by Robinson and Schroeder (2009) in these initiatives ideas are integrated into everyday work, the emphasis is on small ideas, front-line performance metrics focus ideas on what is important, and both managers and workers are held accountable for their roles in the idea process. The strategy for implementing change with regard to the issue of cash-flow management will focus on forecasting as the key activity to improve. The forecasting of cash outflows and cash inflows both need to be accurate. According to Mary Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the bent of the typical finance function which tends to be accounting-oriented, concentrated on the accurate recording of journal entries and the consolidation of data from across the enterprise for statutory and management reporting†. Also according to the article by Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the key to cash-flow forecasting was more accurate demand forecasts†. Consideration of successful measurement techniques with the key performance indicators (KPIs) will be whether or not the business added value. Use the KPIs to ensure that the selling price covers costs of production and promotion. Use the KPIs to help the business work more closely with customers and suppliers to ensure a competitive advantage (Michael, 2009). Successful measurement of the lean performance improvement initiatives can be achieved by measuring employee morale and productivity. â€Å"Pyromation decided to integrate problem-identification and idea-generation into the regular work of front-line employees. Idea boards were set up, supervisors were trained in idea-meeting facilitation, and weekly shop-floor idea meetings were scheduled. In this way, front-line workers were given the opportunity to use the tools and techniques of lean production that they had been taught. The resulting stream of improvement ideas made an enormous difference. In two years, productivity increased by a third, lead-time was cut by 60 percent, and late deliveries were reduced by 70 percent† (Robinson and Schroeder, 2009). Successful measurement of the strategy for implementing change to cash-flow management will result in ensuring that â€Å"all managers understand that, in addition to the importance of earning a return on investments, the company needs steady cash flow to support operations and our credit position† (Driscoll, 2009). Ensuring the accuracy of cash in-flow estimates will require greater cooperation between management in getting speedy and precise analyses regarding booked sales that can be counted on as income and asking about sales pipelines, pricing, marketing effectiveness and channel viability. The internal revenue growth assumptions will need to be examined closely to ensure accuracy. If the internal numbers do not match industry outlooks the companies position will need to be reevaluated to ensure that it is not taking on a risky position. Managing organizational change and improvement requires leaders themselves to change. The leaders will have to bring in all stakeholders within the company into the management process. The leaders that overcome the barriers that traditional leadership throughout industry has always had in place will succeed in developing new organizational structures that create a shared vision focusing on the mission of the business. The shared vision in turn will improve the performance of the business which in turn increases the viability of the business. Working with the process model today’s leadership can eliminate the old management style of top-down leadership that did not value or effectively utilize the experience and front-line vision of its front-line employees. The process model can also be effectively used within the upper management as they improve the cash flow management of the business. Going beyond the traditional role of the accounting office and interacting with management from sales and production will enable cash flow analysis that carefully examines cash in-flow as well as cash out-flow creating a more solid financial picture of the business. This enhanced view of the balance ledger will enable the business to be better protected financially during turbulent business cycles. Identifying Key Metrics in Performance Measurement of Organizational Change ultimately involves more than just examining numbers on a data sheet. Those kinds of metrics, numbers on a data sheet, are valuable, but only within the context of the environment that they come from. The metrics that measure the human element are still the most important. The key performance indicators (KPIs), the lean performance improvement initiatives and the cash flow analysis all still require the human element to be useful.

Appreciating Visual Art forms through Fashion

Art can be defined as the product or process of deliberate arrangement of elements in a manner to affect the emotion or senses of a viewer (Tolstoy, pp.28). A diverse range of human activities, forms of expression and creations encompass art. These would include visual and the performing arts that entail music, sculpture, paintings, literature and film among others.Visual art is the form of art that mainly produce works that can be appreciated visually (Bell, pp. 17). These include paintings, drawings, videos and films, fashion, photographs, graffiti, tattoos and even crafts.   Visual art can also be broken down to performing arts (plays, drama and other human performances), textile arts (fashion and fabric work), and conceptual art (artistic manipulation and representation of concepts).According to Bell, visual art is not only used for its aesthetic value but also for its practical application in industrial design, decorative art, fashion design, graphic design and also interior d esign. He adds that the aesthetic value of a piece of work may differ with its use among different users (pp. 19).Tolstoy adds that art has been seen to adhere to certain principles and elements that complete the different forms we have. Principles and elements of art include visual elements that are used to produce different works of art. These include line, shape and color with an addition of space, balance and movement.The use of color line and space has the capability of creating movement balance and space in a peace of art. Artists use these principles and elements of art to create works that send a message, affect emotion or are for aesthetic value (pp, 28).Visual art utilizes the elements and principles of art in that artists use color to make paintings, lines for drawings and also paintings, space in their drawings and paintings and also the creation of balance space and movement through the use of line color in their pieces of work.Different forms of visual art are products of different artists being inspired by personal preferences, different people, events, emotional experiences and/or other factors in creating different forms of visual art (Tolstoy, pp. 28).Visual art and fine art are closely interrelated. Fine art utilizes the elements and principles of art and takes a wide range of scope from paintings, to calligraphy, music and dance among others. The difference between fine art and visual art is that fine art is purely for aesthetic value unlike visual art that can be used in industrial application such as sculptures. Fine art can be termed as visual art is it is appreciated though seeing.This essay will concentrate on the appreciation of visual art in the fashion industry. Different visual art forms have been used in the fashion industry based on the preference of the artist, collector or the designer. Designers may choose to produce various visual works of art or even collect them. Collectors of visual works of art include photographers and c ollectors of antiques, paintings and other visual works who range from individual designers to museum employees (Abbott, pp. 22).Their work involves the collection and arrangement of these works of art in a manner that will affect the emotion or sense of the viewer in the message it conveys. The works of such an artist may also be for aesthetic value if not both to convey a message and for beauty. These artists also serve the function of storing history and events (Fashion Projects, para 1).The photographs and items collected act as a preservation of the information or art work conveyed therein which can be reviewed in future. In fashion, these collections (photographs and other items) are used for beauty as well as different functional uses. An example would be the imprints of iconic figures’ pictures on fabric such as bags, t-shirts, pendants and even shoes (Abbott, pp. 36).

Business Case for Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Case for Investment - Research Paper Example mme contribute in the investment, what things are done in order the projects can fit with future and current capabilities, the funds and resources needed and the delivery of the benefits acquired. Business case development should be in possession of a sponsor of the business and later all the stakeholders should be involved in documenting and creating a business result of an investment that is complete. Curley (2004) asserts that the business case should illustrate how business results are measured and the initiatives needed in achieving a good result. The initiatives are either any changes of the nature of the business enterprise, processes in the business, and skills of the people, technology involved and competencies. The business case identifies how these initiatives contribute in the business. Risks are needed to be spotted and documented. The sponsor of the business is the one who will make a decision on whether to go on with an IT-facilitated investment. He also verifies if the business case is viable to be evaluated on the portfolio stage. Distinguishing between the processes needed to be followed when getting on IT-facilitated investment is important. The investment category, size of the investment and the position of the investment in the financially viable life sequence are factors that establish business case parts that need more attention (Curley, 2004). In an IT-facilitated investment, the business case considers the resources needed to be developed, a technology service to support the investment, business and operational capability and the values of the stakeholder. The business case is usually developed from top to down. In creating a business case, a clear recognition of the outcomes desired in a business should be the one starting. When the investment is endorsed, delivery of the capabilities needed and the outcomes should be monitored and managed in the investment’s life sequence (Ross, 2001). The components in the business case are

Picture Bride by Yoshiko Uchida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Picture Bride by Yoshiko Uchida - Essay Example Government, fueled by the fears of terrorism, violated immigrant rights and even trampled on citizenship rights of Japanese-American citizens, confirming a long history of racial bias and discriminatory policies. The very title of the novel, Picture Bride, makes reference to the existent racism due to America’s anti-miscegenation laws and the recourse of Japanese bachelors to picture brides from their mother country. U.S anti-miscegenation laws effective since the mid-1800s barred interracial marriages of immigrants and slaves with Caucasian American women (Anti-Miscegenation Laws). As a consequence, Japanese immigrants choose to convey a wife from Japan to the U.S. Also, strong cultural traditions which obligated many Japanese to marry within their own ethnic group influenced marital decisions. These anti-interracial laws applied to all American minorities including Blacks, Indians, and Asians (Asian Americans and Anti-Miscegenation Statutes). Tacit segregation of Japanese an d white Americans is a sign of underlying discrimination in American society. In the novel, Kiku notes that â€Å"the fine white American ladies and gentlemen have their own stores† (Uchida 25). ... From early in the book, in 1917, racism already begins to rear its ugly head. Taro, a Japanese immigrant in America laments to his wife, Hana that â€Å"when the white men felt that we Asians were threatening their jobs, then words like ‘yellow peril’ began to appear in the newspapers and legislators began to discriminate against us† (Uchida 63). Feeling growing anxiety and insecurity about the American economy and stability of American jobs, Caucasian Americans complain about the influx of Japanese immigrants and the culture of picture brides. Although innocent of Japan’s actions during WWII, people of Japanese ancestry had to face further prejudice and violent racism because of the embattled times. Japanese in America were called the derogatory, ‘Japs.’ One white American called a Japanese, Henry Toda, just before he shot him, a â€Å"filthy, stinking Jap!† (Uchida 165). It is at this climactic point that things go even more awry among the Japanese resident in America. Clearly see that a differentiation was put between the Japanese identity and the American identity, for to be Japanese meant not being American. Patriotism descends to showing prejudice toward perceived common offenders. Not too long after, Japanese are forced to leave their homes because of suspicion of divided allegiance and anti-Americanism among them and consequently, the U.S government introduces the Presidential Executive Order 9066 in 1942 after the Pearl Harbor bombing in 1941. The Presidential Executive Order 9066 (1941) reflects the anti-Japanese sentiment prevalent in the early 20th century. Even the law of the land reinforces segregation, thus legalizing discrimination and racism. The irony of the

Achievement Motive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Achievement Motive - Essay Example With the specific focus on whether or not knowledge of achievement motive would be of any value to expatriate managers in Madruga’s Singapore subsidiary, the report will argue that even though it is of value, the said value can only be realized if pre-existing achievement motive knowledge is adjusting to correspond with the culture in question. Worker motivation can be either internal, brought about by the personal interactions with his own set of beliefs about what will satisfy his needs, or external, brought about by interactions with one's environment. Motivation can result from something as complex and volatile as how a person's attitudes were formed in the womb and in the crib, to how a supervisor uses language and the meanings of words in describing tasks and providing feedback (Sullivan, 1988). In reality, it appears that the dynamics that move a worker toward particular activities come from a constant interaction between both internal stimuli and external stimuli. Concurring, Vroom (1964) indicates that managers must understand the principles of motivation, and, in fact, must create the right kind of motivational environment, in order to ensure that employee activities result in preferred organizational outcomes. This fits very well with Maslow's suggestion (1954) that in order to determine human needs and identity, it is necessary to set up special conditions that foster expression of these needs and capacities. Issac, Zerbe, and Pitt (2001) agree, suggesting that organizational leaders must determine their follower's interests, aspirations, and goals of both a short and long-term nature and creativity frame the organizational vision in such a way that the follower perceives congruency between personal and organizational ends. Gellerman (1963) goes so far as to describe managements "great task" as shaping the environment into a stimulus instead of a suppressor.  

Access to health care in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Access to health care in Canada - Essay Example Canadian health care is often referred to as Medicare. The official website explains the system as a collection of national health insurance programs, designed to ascertain that all the citizens have appropriate access to â€Å"medically necessary hospital and physician services†. The health care system is primarily framed by the Canada Health Act (CHA), a federal legislation which propagates conditions regarding the obtainment of funds for health care services by Canadian provinces and territories. CHA specifies the particular conditions and criteria which must be met by provincial and territorial health care insurance plans, which would ultimately translate into qualification for receiving the specified share from the federal cash contribution. Canadian federal government encourages the provincial government to co-operate and follow national standards by incentivizing the conformity. The federal government agrees to pay 50% of the cost for such provincially administered heal th care systems. There are five major principles which are included in CHA (Canadian-healthcare.org, 2004); Public Administration: Health insurance must be administered, at a provincial level, by a public authority which functions on a non-profit basis. The principles of accountability apply to all such service providers and their records are subjected to audits as well. Wolper (2011) has praised Canadian health care system by saying, â€Å"Canada indirectly provides healthcare services through a tax-funded public system which is accessible by all Canadians". The primary objective of Canadian health care policy is to â€Å"protect, promote and restore physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada† (Di, 2010). The purpose also includes facilitation and accessibility of the reasonable health services, without having to face any financial crisis by the citizens (Justice Law Website, 2012). The

Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Term Paper - Essay Example Humans preserve life, as duty requires. Duty seeks to restrict the actions of humans to follow a certain direction. In a way, duty brings out the best of someone’s will. Kant depicts how a dealer interacts with his customers to illustrate how accordance to duty affects the will of a person. The dealer treats all of his customers, whether recent or patrons equally. He does so prudently to maintain his customer base. Utility is the greatest form of happiness a human can experience. According to the principle of utility, a person acts in ways that are most likely to cause him happiness. To the majority of humans, happiness is all about the absence of pain and the abundance of pleasure. Pleasure, as with any resource, is more desirable when it is in plenty. Quantity is more desirable than quality and is usually the measure of happiness. All humans are subject to this principle as they all attempt to achieve happiness in their lives. Another correlation that is similar to the relationship between pleasure and pain is that of vice and virtue. The desire of virtue is similar to that of happiness. Unlike happiness, the desire of virtue is not universal. For this reason, the pursuit of happiness is one of the motivators of human conduct but it is not the only one. The major issue of contention in developing laws is the issue of injustice and favoring one party over the other. Using a veil of ignorance, as Rawl puts it, lawmakers are able to develop laws that are just and fair. This veil ensures that there is no party that is advantaged or disadvantages as everyone becomes subject to social circumstances and natural chance. A veil of ignorance ensures that all the principles that dictate the law are arrived through fair agreement and bargain. Through the veil, justice has the chance to become fair. By thinking what might happen in the absence of a certain law, legislators naturally use to veil to come up with the laws. An example is that of a

Strategic Alliance Essay Example for Free

Strategic Alliance Essay The collaborations between companies have been one of the most critical changes in industrial field during the last three decades. Through outsourcing and taking off ‘non-core’ activities, corporate borders have been pulled back and large companies are increasingly cooperated with other companies to access resources and devote themselves to activities outside their own boundaries. Business cooperative relationship between companies is regarded as ‘hybrid’ organizational forms (Borys and Jemison, 1989; Powell. 987; Thorelli. 1986). In order to access more international market and reduce risks, the hybrid organizational forms are mainly realized by contractual agreement, strategic alliance and joint venture. Compared to some casual cooperative arrangements between companies, strategic alliance is refer to a long-term, substantial collaboration, which is ‘an agreement characterized by the commitment of two or more firms to achieve a shared goal entailing the pooling of their resources and activities’ (Teece. 1992, p. 19). It can be put on a continuum, where contractual agreement is on one end, characterizing low control and resource commitment, whilst the other end is joint venture, representing a high control and high resource commitment (Hill et al. 1990). Variety types of strategic alliances include shared new product development, supply chain partnerships, technical collaboration, outsourcing agreements, joint research projects, etc. In these days, strategic alliances are more and more important for firms to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in the international market. Through cooperation rather than competition, firms can access knowledge and market resources over both firms, instead or acquiring them. It is not just costs and time saving, but also increasing the efficiency with which knowledge is utilized. Firms are entering into strategic alliances because of numerous factors. The rapid change in technology with high expenditures on RD, intensifying competitions, globalization and so on. Different companies have their own competitive advantages, which can be beneficial to other parties. Resources, especially technology and market information, can be shared by parties under strategic alliance. For example, Starbucks entered an alliance with Barnes and Nobles Bookstores in 1990s, to provide their in-house coffee service in their stores. Barnes and Nobles’ market resources has been utilized, resulting in Starbucks coffee being marketed into bookstores. As well as that, more customers were gained by Barnes and Nobles, thanks to the outstanding Starbucks coffee offered in store. Although theoretically, forming strategic alliances can bring immense benefits to companies and reduce the risks in projects, it is not rare to see problems in practice. Differences in cultural and language, control related problems, even the differences in cognizance can lead to failures. In this article, we will focus on not only on the increasing importance of strategic alliance in international market, but also the motives, benefits, related costs and limitations. Our group work is done in three parts. Part (A) Introduction and Literature Review is done by Jiaxing and Lily. Jiaxing gives the definition of strategic alliance, while Lily is responsible for literature research and critical review. Followed by the literature review, a case study will be given in part (B) by Xinrui, to demonstrate how the literature is confirm or disconfirmed by practice. In part (C), a brief conclusion of this topic will be given by Mehedi and come up with the forecast of trend and new topics in this area, based on Part (A), Part (B) and the further information collected by Kazi. Literature Review There are abundant studies trying to address the definition of strategic alliance. Based on resource-dependence theory (Pfeffer. 978) and the resource-based view of the firm (Penrose, 1957), some scholars (Van De Van and Walker, 1984; Rothaermel, 2001) have identified strategic alliances as a quest for resources. Also, a majority of researchers view the alliances’ priority objectivity as sharing of knowledge (Inkpen and Crosssan, 1995; Khanna et al. ,1998; Kale et al. , 2000), which is the organization learning perspective. As a result, alliance member seek to learn faster than other parties, trying to achieve a positive balance in the trade of knowledge, which is so called ‘Competition for Learning’ (Hamel, 1991). The number of strategic alliance has been increasing rapidly since late 1980s (Vissi, 1997). The following is an integration of our findings in literature. Motives of Alliance Formation In the article of Varadarajan and Cunningham (1995), motives for firms entering a strategic alliance is analysed: Globalization and intensified international competition: With the development of telecommunication and traffic, there is a major trend of globalization in the last few decades. More and more corporations are trying to break into foreign markets to widen their market. Strategic alliance is an efficient and effective way in gaining complementary resources from a foreign party and reduces risks. Remove barriers to enter new markets: In certain international markets, especially the developing ones, firms often have difficulties due to some domestic factors, such as government regulation and local parties’ resistance. By forming an alliance with local firms, the expansion can be realized more smoothly and the risk is reduced. Broaden product lines/ narrowing product line gap: Firms can be especially interested in finding another partner, when they are in lack of technology or not able to bear the high RD costs. Existing technology of partner can be utilized in a short timeframe and also costs-saving. In this way, their product lines can be broaden and the gap between product line can be narrowed. Enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of utilizing resources: each partner in strategic alliance should have their own competitive advantages, such as technology, market resources, local experiences, logistic systems, etc. y forming the alliances, these advantages can be shared by parties and making all of them more competitive than before. Extension and acquire new resources: Resource acquisition is an essential motive in formulation of strategic alliance. Manufacturing firms often enter into alliance to acquire RD resources; whilst technology companies is seeking to gain the market resources as much as possible. There are two forms of strategic alliances: market related and technology related (Vyas et al. 1995). In a mature market, it is often the case in which the market related alliances are more profitable. However technology, related alliance tend to be more beneficial for high-tech firms compared to others (Rai et al. 1996). Researches of Vyas et al (1995) show that synergy between the partners is the key factors to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. In order to know the synergy, a comprehensive understanding of the value that partners can bring to the alliance has to be acquired before entry. Also, a balance of control and contribution to the alliance need to be agreed to ensure the success and avoid conflict as much as possible. Limitations of Strategic Alliances When the needs of each partner are fulfilled, each party can benefit from the formation of strategic alliances. However, alliances are not without its problems. Due to numerous reasons, such as differences in cognizance, aims and resources, changes can be triggered. In some cases, projects with imbalanced benefits or control between parties can end up damaging the relationship of trust. In some cases strategic alliances broke up as a result. Usually the factors driving to a failure can be imbalanced control, unequal gains, differences in cultural values and antitrust charges. According to Day (1995), the liquidation cost of a strategic alliance can be one of the most expensive costs to a corporation. Even if the partnership remains, there are many factors thwarting the normal operations of the combined entity. One of the most important factors is the extensive time managers have to spend on communication, trust-building, and coordination. As it takes time for parties in a partnership to consolidate their internal network, both in terms of communication and interests groups, there always comes with the strategic alliances very time-consuming consolidation process. A manager has to first know the personnel he is supervising as well as his own supervisors, who are possibly from a totally different business culture. It takes time for managers to know whom they can trust and who trust them. Only based on trust can further coordination be performed. Another factor that affects the long-term value of the firms participating in the partnership is the clash of egos and company cultures. Say if Google once form a strategic alliance with Goldman Sachs, the investment bankers cannot easily forgo their perfectionism to Google’s relaxing and creative culture fostered for their wired-in programmers. While there is a possibility for two different business culture to combine and generate an even more unique and efficient business culture, in most cases the history and the effort invested to build the current corporate culture may be wasted; traditions are inferior in strategic alliances. Part B: There are many successful market related and technology related alliances taking place in contemporary market. From the successful examples contributed by Apple, Helett Packard and Disney, and Eli Lilly, we can see the sharing of sources in alliances facilitate breakthroughs in technology and revenue maximization in marketing. While most strategic alliances play a propelling role in pushing the business of parties in the partnership further, there are some offsets implicitly caused by the alliance strategy. The notorious WorldComs, Global Crossings, and Enron scandals offer us convenient examples in showing the unconfirmed part of strategic alliances. This part will first discuss the cases provided by Apple, Helett Packard and Disney, and Eli Lilly that show the confirmed side of the theories enclosed in the literature in this essay. Following the confirmed side is the unconfirmed side contributed by the scandals originated from WorldComs, Global Corssings, and Enron. White the iPad redefined personal computers and created and captured the tablet market, it the strategic alliance behind the scene that makes the popularity of iPad possible. Apple’s technology alliance with Clearwell makes the development of iPad much more efficient when these two firms jointly developed the eDiscovery Platform. The eDiscovery Platform is the electronic discovery software solution that enables enterprises, governments and law firms to manage legal, regulatory and investigative matters using a single application. Such platform makes it easy for orgaizations to cost effectively and defensibly solve real-world chanlleges from legal hold and collections through analysis, review and production. Such technological largely helped Apple to capture the market in large legal entities. Hewlett Packard and Disney exemplified their alliance as a long-standing partnership. Starting back in 1938, the alliance enabled Disney to rely on HP’s RD capability, which helped Disney out from the eight oscillators for sound design sold to Disney over 70 years ago to the most recent digital film making techniques offered by HP engineers to Disney’s Imagineers. Undoubtedly, the technology support to Disney makes it a dominant mass media firm. Furthermore, the business generated fruitful RD products and cash inflow for HP to march farther. As a pharmaceutical tycoon, Eli Lilly features as a powerful research partner for nearly a century. Its enormous contribution to Diabetes medicine saved multimillions people. Similar to most pharmaceutical companies, the multi-phases RD process outsources the firm’s research capability, legal resources, and capital. Eli Lilly was able to save the costs by seeking international partners, such as the Belgium-based company Galapagos, Canada’s BioMS medical group, and the Japanese Kyowa Hakko Kogyo. Its alliance with Galapagos fasten the development of treatments for osteoporosis; its cooperation with the Japanese firm determines that Lilly will have the exclusive license to sell the targeted cancer treatment in Japan; and the partnership with BioMS in a licensing and development agreement for a novel treatment for multiple sclerosis saved overall costs. These real world examples confirmed that strategic alliances provide an efficient way to research and develop new products, to save legal cost, and to capture the international market at faster speed. While the classical strategic alliances examples confirmed with the literature, there are notable failures caused by the shortcoming of strategic alliances. As the most notorious business scandals in this century, Enron and its alliance with Arthur Andersen bring a vivid example of how alliance help them avoid legitimately report their financial standings and gain illegal benefit from forfeiting financial statements. When the scandal was exposed to the media, both firms bankrupted in an instant, making the largest bankruptcy in the US history. Other the Enron scandal was the WorldCom forfeit their income statement when trying to incorporate Verizon and evolve to the largest telecommunications provider. When the US government launched an anti-trust suit, WorldCom collapsed immediately. The shared resources play a beneficial role in lower the fixed cost for parties in the strategic alliances. However, joint effort and resources also mean joint benefit, which can propel the corporations as well as ruin it. When there is a conflict of interests, the advantages brought by strategic alliances are harmful.

Augmentative and Alternative communication (AAC)

Augmentative and Alternative communication (AAC) Introduction: Communication is one of human basic needs. It is an essential part of life that no one can live without it. It is a process of transferring information, ideas, attitudes, or feelings from an individual to another individual or to a group of individuals. The process includes the exchange of experiences between individuals; under the shared common understandings of media or symbols that contain the information in the messages. Communication can occur with at least 2 persons; each being both message senders and receivers simultaneously through the interchanging of these 2 roles. Sending or receiving messages can both be in verbal and nonverbal forms. The verbal communication is considered the basic form of communication. In verbal communications, an individual needs to use several organs such as larynx, vocal cords, tongue, mouth, lips, teeth, and jaws, in order to produce sounds (Ruben, 1983). One can express ones needs to others with the verbal communications. They require fewer interpretations, given that both parties use the same language. Nonverbal communications, on the other hand, include communications through gesturing, nodding, or shaking ones head, touching, facial expressing, moving lips, writing on paper, using pictures, having eye contacts, and etc. They are used as a complimentary of the verbal communications, or are used when verbal communication is impossible (Peel, 1995; Beis, 1996; Sundee, et al., 1998). The nonverbal communications may occur when persons are in quiet places where no voice is allowed, when both parties are in distant and sound cannot be sent from one to another, or when a person has physical conditions that ability to speak is limited, for example in patients on respirator with endotracheal tubes (Verity, 1996; Happ, Garret, oesch, 2003). Normally, the vocal cord vibrates and produces sound when the air flows through it. When the endotracheal tube is inserted, air will flow through the tube introduction not through the trachea and the vocal cord (Ruben, 1984; Guyton Hall, 2000) obstructing the sound making process (Sitzer, 1993; Hafsteindottir, 1996). Patients with good conscious, who cannot verbally communicate, are affected both physically and emotionally by inability of speaking. Need for Study: Clients with endotracheal tube on Mechanical Ventilation tube experienced pain and discomforts. Several complications that can occur include injuries and irritations of the oral mucosa, throat, trachea, pharynx, and larynx. Psychological effects included anxiety, stress, fear, sleeplessness, and in some clients the feeling of social separations. Clients with good conscious, who cannot verbally communicate, are affected both physically and emotionally by inability of speaking. Communication is important in order to provide effective nursing care that respond to clients needs. Effective communication improves the quality of care. The literature suggests that in many facilities AAC intervention is inadequate and that there is a need for increased education of nurses and other caregivers in the area of communication . Leathart observed 8 nurse-patient interactions in an intensive therapy unit (ITU). Patients were intubated but alert and able to com-municate. Patients communication was mainly comprised of replying to yesà no questions. Seven of 8 nurses reported dificulty communicating with patients in ITUs. Reasons cited were dificulty lip-reading, lack of patient feedback, Hafsteind-ttir (1996) described patient frustration with alternative means of communication. The frustrations stemmed from physical weakness, poor vision, and hand tremors (associated with dificulty writing). None of the patients recalled receiving instructions about communication methods. Over half of ventilated patients who participated in a study by Lohmeier and Hoit (2003) reported that they had no history of speech therapy, and only 5 of the 50 respondents had ever received AAC interventions. Problems or frustrations with speech were reported by 36 participants, suggesting a need for increased communication intervention for this population. Happ et al. (2004) investigated 36 records of patients who received mechanical vVentilation and who died during hospitalization in 8 ICUs during a 12-month period. No uses of picture boards, letter boards, or electrolarynx devices were documented. Their findings indicated that most communication consisted of yes/no responses to caregivers questions about orientation or pain, suggesting that nurses controlled the communicative interactions. Wojnicki-Johansson (2001) asked nurses to evaluate the communication of 22 patients who had been mechanically ventilated in the ICU. Nurses reported functional communication in 19 patients, however, this conflicted with the reports of 13 of the patients, who indicated that nurses had failed to understand their needs during their stay in ICU. Six patients reported that no functional communication was achieved, whereas nurses reported this to be the case for only 2 patients. Eight patients reported that nurses were unable to understand their messages. The author suggested that nurses should critically evaluate their communication skills and frequently verify the content of communication with patients. Fried-Oken et al. (1991) interviewed 5 patients who reported negative emotional responses to the sudden onset of communication difficulties, the most common response being fear. Patients reported that some caregivers and family members did not know how to use their AAC systems and emphasized the need for increased training in this area. Hall (1996) studied communication by observing interactions between nurses and their patients who were on ventilators. Hall concluded nurses seemed more concerned about meeting their need to provide specific information to the patient than to discover what the patient might want. The author questioned whether nurses have the skills and knowledge to respond to and/or assess nonverbal communication and felt that this warranted continued investigation. Statement of the problem: A study to assess the effectiveness of Augmentative and Alternative communication (AAC) towards fulfilling the needs and satisfaction of among the clients with endotracheal tube on Mechanical Ventilation in Govt Rajaji Hospital. Madurai. Objectives of the study: The objectives of this study are to: To assess the level of patients fulfilling needs and satisfaction after administering the aided augmentative and alternative communication. To evaluate the effectiveness of administering the aided augmentative and alternative communication. To associates the level of Satisfaction and selected demographic variable. Hypothesis: 1. There will be no significant association between the level of satisfaction and selected demographic variables 2. There will be a significant difference between the level of communication and patient satisfaction among the endotracheal tube on Mechanical Ventilation patients after administering the augmentative and alternative communication. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Effectiveness It refers that effectiveness relates to how well a AAC works in practice or what the indent results Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers way of communication that provide an alternative method by using devices such as paper and pencil and picture board etc Needs In this study need refers that patient fulfill his physical, physiological, therapeutic, social, psychological, spiritual needs by means of alternative communication. Endotracheal tube on Mechanical Ventilation It is a surgical procedure and after the surgical procedure the patients are having impaired verbal communication. Assumption Delimitation